What are and how do the crankshaft and camshaft position sensors work?

In this video, discuss the engine speed sensors and camshaft sensors. The former communicate to the engine control unit the information on the number of revolutions and the position of the crankshaft, to know exactly where the pistons are inside the cylinder. It is an inductive sensor, if it has two wires, that mounts a permanent magnet, which interacts with the pulley, a toothed wheel fixed on the crankshaft, which is missing two or more consecutive teeth. In this way, the sensor detects the position and sends it to the control unit, which can perform its calculations and determine the RPM and its speed. If it has three wires, it uses the Hall effect. If the speed sensor does not work, the engine may not start, or it may start while storing a fault code, such as P0335. If it malfunctions, there may be poor ignition, high consumption, or an irregular idle. The causes could be internal short circuits in the sensor or in the power supply cable, or problems with the toothed wheel. As for the camshaft sensor, it essentially performs the same function but refers to the camshaft; it provides confirmation and an additional check compared to the crankshaft sensor alone, informing the control unit what each individual cylinder is doing. The operating principle is the same, but the toothed wheel is smaller and has fewer teeth. It operates with the Hall system, and the symptoms of a damaged sensor are similar to those of the crankshaft sensor. The generated error code is P0340.